Mpox: Symptoms, transmission and ways to stay protected

Mpox, formerly known as monkeypox, is a viral infection caused by the mpox virus. It can spread through close physical contact, contact with infectious skin lesions or body fluids, contaminated materials and, in some cases, infected animals.

Although most people recover from the infection, severe illness can occur, particularly among people at higher risk, including young children, pregnant people and those with weakened immune systems.

What are the symptoms of mpox?

Common symptoms include fever, headache, muscle and body aches, back pain, fatigue, swollen lymph nodes and a skin or mucosal rash.

The infection can also cause blisters or lesions that may eventually become crusted. Lesions can be painful and may occur around the mouth or genital area.

Symptoms can develop between one and 21 days after exposure and typically last between two and four weeks.

How does mpox spread?

The virus can spread through close physical contact with an infected person, particularly contact with infectious lesions. Transmission can also occur through contaminated clothing, bedding, towels and other materials.

Mpox is a zoonotic disease, meaning the virus can be transmitted between animals and humans.

The virus was first identified in laboratory monkeys in 1958, while the first known human case was reported in 1970 in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. The virus naturally circulates in parts of Central and West Africa, although outbreaks have also occurred elsewhere.

Pakistan has reported mpox cases since 2023, with early cases largely involving people with a history of international travel.

Precautions advised

Health experts advise people to avoid close physical contact with anyone who has a suspected or confirmed mpox infection or an unexplained rash.

People are also advised not to touch another person's lesions or share towels, clothing, bedding and other personal items. Regular handwashing and cleaning frequently touched surfaces can also help reduce the risk of transmission.

Anyone who develops a suspicious rash or other symptoms, particularly after a known or suspected exposure, should seek medical advice promptly.